Theme 1: Theory of knowledge and theory of science (the second post)

The difference between naturalism and scientism is distinct. Scientism is a belief that all the universal belongs to the scientific method, and empirical science rules the approaches to the most viewpoints; also, to constitute the most valuable parts of human being.

The contemporary naturalism consists of ontological and epistemological naturalism. First of all, ontological naturalism, which is also called the metaphysical naturalism, is a "viewpoint that holds that there is nothing but natural elements, principles and relations of all kind studied by the natural sciences." Secondly, the naturalistic epistemology explains "an approach to the theory of knowledge that puts great emphasis on the application of methods, results and theories from the empirical sciences."

The scientific revolution is the existence of modern science which develops the great advancement of mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology and chemistry transforming the views of society into nature.

In the text of "Critique of Pure Reason" by Kant, the attempt of the author is to correct the extreme views by assuming the essential arguments for both perception and conception. According to Kant, "Perception without conception, is blind; while conception without perception is empty." Kant intends to put an emphasis on sense-perception.

There are two ways of judgments: synthetic and analytic. On the one hand, synthetic judgment explains that whose predications are thoroughly different from their subjects; in other words, synthetic judgment is informative but is in need of justification to prove the principle. On the other hand, analytic judgment depicts that whose predications are merely explicative and non-contradiction. Hence, synthetic judgments are relatively uncontroversial facts which come to our sensory experience. Analytic judgment will never be proven for there is no need to support the explicative assertion.

Transcendental idealism is divided into four types: formal idealism, critical idealism, skeptical idealism, and empirical idealism.

Time and space are the forms of intuition. There are four forms of intuition categories: quantity (unity, plurality, and totality), quality( reality, negation, and limitation), relation (substance, causality, and community) and modality (possibility, existence and necessity)