Comments of Theme 5

1.  https://dm2572-16.blogspot.se/2016/10/theme-52.html?showComment=1476739517834


2. https://omg-dm2572.blogspot.se/2016/10/after-theme-5.html?showComment=1476739850511#c7433860799042846839


3.  https://u1h4muxc.blogspot.se/2016/10/theme-52-reflection-empty.html?showComment=1476740241810


4.  https://u1dn0y6t.blogspot.se/2016/10/post-reflection-theme-5.html?showComment=1476740919647#c7750363843253989565

5. https://u11zdo9t.blogspot.se/2016/10/theme-5-post-2.html?showComment=1476741864899#c5878184970422211897

Theme 6: Qualitative and Case Study Research

During today's lecture, the teacher explained the research based on "A car-free year project"which explores sustainable transportation practices through a qualitative study. There are several qualitative method used in the research, including conducting the interviews, making the observations and doing the case study. However, whether it is a case study remains the controversial topic because of its ambiguity. Personally, I think the research counts as the case study qualitative method. "How can people live without the car?" is the first question popping up people's mind when doing the experiment. This is the question that we cannot answer right away or give a definite answer within seconds. It is something you don't understand well enough and need to formulate the research question to define the case study, not to answer the question but to come up with the question to do the research.

From the interview part, the research is based on the monthly interviews with the families combined with aberrations. There are six elements of social practices including infrastructure, products&services, norms&policies, knowledge&skills&values to analyze. However, the challenging part in the research is difficult to anonymize data of few participants when the project is public.

The result of the research is based on three essential concepts: to increase understanding of car-free transportation practices, to convey the important design considerations for supporting sustainable transportation and to design concepts and input from other stakeholders.

Furthermore, we also discussed three disciplinary research concepts during the lecture: interdisciplinary, trans-disciplinary, and multidisciplinary research. I think the research is based on the multidisciplinary method which combines and involved several academic disciplines or professional specializations in an approach to a topic or problem. In short, a multidisciplinary approach involves drawing appropriately from multiple disciplines to redefine problems outside normal boundaries and reach solutions based on a new understanding of complex situations.

The paper I have chosen from is A Case Study on Integrating Social Media in an Online Graduate Youth Development Course from MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching with an impact factor 1.68. The case study examines the theoretical underpinnings, process, and results of an online course for youth development professionals, and specifically describes a web-based instructional activity involving the use of social media. A qualitative case study methodology was utilized for the research. A qualitative case study allows for exploration of a specific phenomenon using a variety of data sources, including both qualitative and quantitative data. A case study methodology is completely explorative. which has no hypotheses and with a major limitation for generalizability. However, the benefit of qualitative inquiry is that it allows for deeper understanding of a phenomenon, enabling the essence of the experience to be tested.

In the study, researchers tried to find out about the quality of the social media assignment for an online graduate course in youth development and its impact on the learners. First of all, a detailed description of the course is offered, followed by course evaluation analysis and lessons learned. Data were collected through interviews, a course reflection paper, and open-ended survey questions. The provided case study showcased a social media project that facilitated student connectedness and enabled students studying youth development professionalism to increase their content knowledge and social media skills. Even though some students identified certain challenges related to technology and teamwork, the overall result was positive.

The benefits of case study is that it allows the authors to identify unique result which can help in the development and refinement of future social media projects. Theory-building researchers typically combine multiple data collection methods. While interviews, observations, and archival sources are particularly common.

Comment of Theme 4: Quantitative Research

1. https://u1wdx0i7.blogspot.se/2016/10/post-theme-4.html?showComment=1476045702266#c3201278717035039132

2. https://scarsickbg.blogspot.se/2016/10/theme-4-blog-post-1-quantitative.html?showComment=1476046004482#c1165102498193157073


3.https://pgd7117.blogspot.se/2016/10/theme-4-reflection.html?showComment=1476046302564#c9038644541060788570

4. https://u1kq1ay0.blogspot.se/2016/10/second-blog-post-theme-4-quantitative.html?showComment=1476047067417#c2945054660247053231


5. https://u1c051gg.blogspot.se/2016/09/42-quantitative-research-reflection-310.html?showComment=1476047403024#c3978829838407034296

Theme 5: Design Research (second post)

In the first paper, the observation of the children, looking at their behavior. In the second paper, the outcome of the research, the researchers collect the data in the beginning. 

Design intentions shows a clear intention to solve the specific problem and is more precise. From scientific design, we have to write down everything we gain from the result, do documents and trace back to every record to make sure no errors happened from the experiments. However, we don't have the solutions and visions at first to get the research.

Is research in tech domains such as these ever replicable? How may we account for aspects such as time/historical setting, skills of the designers, available tools, etc?

Depends on the situation, every setting varies as the experiment target gets adapted to the environment. 

Not replicable at all, the number and data will be difficult to make if we want to do the same experiment from different perspective. The researchers need to modified if they need to replicate the experiment from different way.

Social media technology has changed so incredibly quickly. 

Is it possible, the replicability is extremely important in the hard science. In social science, the point of replicability is not the same outcome compared to the hard science. Not everyone sharing the same experiences when making the same experiment. Cultural and social difference can vary from different targets. We need to think through the issue, an unquestioned topic of replicability ground-shaking theory of replicability in psychological research. When it comes to the ground fact, it is important to know the definition of replicability. As the cultural phenomenon, the result is not replicable. Every research is influenced in this regard.

Design driven research is “try and error” which has to be tested more while the normal research is much more structured and well-organized. 

There are three processes of doing the design research: studying interaction, implementing/ testing and design/judgment. In the methods from behavior science, we need to conduct the questionnaires, observations, interviews, video analysis and lab/field studies. In the engineering methods, developing and testing technical solutions are essential for interactive settings. At last, regarding the design/ judgment, interaction criticism, research through design and studying design practice are extremely crucial core concepts during the research. 

In the interactive system. we have to focus on human aspects, design practices, design methods, usability and experience and real use practices. However, we cannot neglect the importance of human aspects with implications for design such as cognitive abilities, culture, emotions, physical bodies, and social behavior. Also, investigations into different ways that usability and user experience can understood and evaluated. Methods focusing on two ways: Measuring, e.g. controlled experiments, observations, interviews, questionnaires, diaries, and sensors. The other is interpreting, e.g. Interaction criticism, grounding in humanities and cultural studies such as expert reviews of interactive products.

There are some ways regarding the design as approach to research: constructive actives as core method of investigation, and materialization with a focus on materiality and the technological circumstances regarding how it affects gestalt, interaction and user activity. Design work and research is tied to historical, local, and specific contexts. The last one is disciplinary which grounds and feeds back to, extending the theory specific to the field of interaction design. 

Theme 6: Qualitative and case study research (first post)

Qualitative Research is used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations which provides insights into the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses for potential quantitative research. There are a wide variety of methods which are common in qualitative measurement. The paper I choose is based on the case studies approach. A case study is an intensive study of a specific individual or specific context.

In the past, authors have developed theory by combing observations from previous literature, common sense and experience. Nevertheless, the connection to a actual data has often been weak.

There are seven steps in the process of building theory from case study research: getting started, selecting cases, crafting instruments, entering the field, analyzing data, shaping hypotheses, enfolding literature, and reaching closure.

The case study is a research strategy which focuses on understanding the dynamics present within single settings. Case studies can involve either single or multiple cases, and numerous levels of analysis. Also, case studies typically combine data collection methods such as archives, interviews, questionnaires, and observations. The evidence may be qualitative (e.g., words), quantitative (e.g., numbers) or both. At last, case studies can be used to accomplish various purposes: to provide description, test theory, or generate theory.

The benefits of qualitative method on case study is that case studies allow a to of detail to be collected that would not normally be easily obtained by other research designs. The data collected is normally a lot richer and of greater depth than can be found through other experimental designs. Secondly, case studies tend to be conducted on rare cases where large samples of similar participants are not available. Thirdly, case studies can help experimenters adapt ideas and produce novel hypotheses which can be used for later testing.

The limitations of qualitative method on case study is that the data collection cannot be generalized to the wider population. This leads to data being collected over longitudinal case studies, not always being relevant or particularly useful. Furthermore, case studies are generally on one person, in other words, there is only one experimenter collecting the data. It can lead to bias on data collection, which can have big influence on the results more than other different designs.

Comments of Theme 3: ( Research and Theory)

1. https://u12vkokq.blogspot.se/2016/09/theme-3-research-and-theory.html?showComment=1475509393147#c4775716961247895253

2.https://u10o7oqf.blogspot.se/2016/09/theme-3-research-and-theory-part-1.html?showComment=1475509615697#c2481536589117782515

3.https://u1818rgq.blogspot.se/2016/09/theme-3-research-and-theory-post-1.html?showComment=1475509716073#c6373227598375316735

4.https://u1j8du7c.blogspot.se/2016/09/theme-31.html?showComment=1475509876517#c3476327794931607077

5. https://u1cq6h0z.blogspot.se/2016/09/theme-3-research-and-theory.html?showComment=1475510001362#c4927859914403892934

Comments of Theme 2 ( Critical Media Studies)

1. https://u11zdo9t.blogspot.se/2016/09/theme-3-post-1.html?showComment=1475508272334#c4057638816154325312

2. https://u1n96zb5.blogspot.se/2016/10/critical-media-studies.html?showComment=1475508406699#c3739199404645455245

3. https://u1dn0y6t.blogspot.se/2016/09/theme-2-critical-media-studies.html?showComment=1475508576599#c5448923026818513307

4.https://u1gixy4z.blogspot.se/2016/09/theme-2-critical-media-studies.html?showComment=1475508805523#c3954702929086560126

5. https://u1h02pv3.blogspot.se/2016/09/theme-2-critical-media-studies.html?showComment=1475508927228#c2593793642575101159