All Comment posts

Theme 1
1. https://dm2572-16.blogspot.se/2016/09/theme-11.html?showComment=1475506656172
I really like the way how you interpret the theories from different perspectives, especially you mentioned Kant's interpretation is challenging the traditional way of thinking the world around us. I think it would be more interesting if you can give some examples on this explanation.

2.https://u1h4muxc.blogspot.se/2016/09/theme-11-theory-of-knowledge-and-theory.html?showComment=1475507007358
I found your interpretation of the concept interesting, and it is easier to understand since you combine the theory with examples and video. Also, you pointed out as a journalist, you disagreed with what "knowledge is perception", for all the statements are backed up by facts. This idea gives me more insight on how to look things from different perspectives. 

3. https://u1eqtjc8.blogspot.se/2016/09/in-preface-to-second-edition-of.html?showComment=1475507269151#c1319509129736318881
I really enjoy reading your interpretation of the theory, which is interesting and propounding. Though it would be much more interesting if you can add more examples on the statement saying that our cognition has to be conformed to objects which may lead us to wrong in understand. 

4. https://u1bauz11.blogspot.se/2016/09/theme-1-theory-of-knowledge-and-theory.html?showComment=1475507571830#c167297469407882508
The interpretation you gave from Kant and Plato's theory is quite intriguing. I agree with the statement you mentioned in the blog " In order to gain the knowledge, we should prove theory and assumption against our observation". Also, you provided other interesting point on how to conform to our cognitive assumption.

5. https://u17fpbu5.blogspot.se/2016/09/pre-theme-1-theory-of-knowledge-and.html?showComment=1475507739235#c624240772390139608
I enjoy reading your blog as you provided many examples on how to interpret the theory from different perspectives. Also, you give a clear explanation on the statement "knowledge is earned by experience". Also, nothing is proved until the ideal state remains as the posteriori knowledge.

6.https://u1gixy4z.blogspot.se/2016/09/theme-1-theory-of-knowledge-and-theory_2.html?showComment=1475507879479#c2437388841511069897

Honestly, I feel the same confusion after reading these two texts. However, your blog provides a brief introduction on interpreting the theories from different ways which I find it interesting.

Theme 2
1. https://u11zdo9t.blogspot.se/2016/09/theme-3-post-1.html?showComment=1475508272334#c4057638816154325312
I like how you explain that there is no simple or easy explanation on how a theory should be. Also, the way you interpret the the benefits and limitations of the theory give me more propounding insight on how to explain the concept better.

2. https://u1n96zb5.blogspot.se/2016/10/critical-media-studies.html?showComment=1475508406699#c3739199404645455245
You gave a quite intriguing explanation on the different concepts which I find it interesting. After reading your interpretation on different theories, it makes me understand more on the concept.

3. https://u1dn0y6t.blogspot.se/2016/09/theme-2-critical-media-studies.html?showComment=1475508576599#c5448923026818513307
I really like your detailed and propounding explanation on different concepts in the blog, especially you mentioned "superstructure" and "substructure" are directly connected to each other, which provides me more idea on this concept.

4. https://u1gixy4z.blogspot.se/2016/09/theme-2-critical-media-studies.html?showComment=1475508805523#c3954702929086560126
It is really useful that you give such detailed and insightful explanation on each concept in your blog which gives me more insightful opinions on each theory. Also, you pointed out "myth is one form of knowledge" which I find it interesting.

5. https://u1h02pv3.blogspot.se/2016/09/theme-2-critical-media-studies.html?showComment=1475508927228#c2593793642575101159
I enjoy reading your post as you gave such interesting and insightful explanation on how to interpret different concepts. I was quite confused the concept of aura in the text, now I finally get the clear picture of it because of your interpretation.

Theme 3
1. https://u12vkokq.blogspot.se/2016/09/theme-3-research-and-theory.html?showComment=1475509393147#c4775716961247895253
Hi, I really enjoy reading your blog. You gave such detailed and interesting explanation on interpreting the concepts, especially the statement on explanation and prediction theory (EP).

2. https://u10o7oqf.blogspot.se/2016/09/theme-3-research-and-theory-part-1.html?showComment=1475509615697#c2481536589117782515
Hi, thanks for the informative and interesting blog post! I really enjoy reading it and you provided some insightful explanation on the EP theory. Also, the concept of non-theory is quite intriguing as well. I realized that even hypothesis and predictions are not included as a strong theory.

3. https://u1818rgq.blogspot.se/2016/09/theme-3-research-and-theory-post-1.html?showComment=1475509716073#c6373227598375316735
I like how you interpret the concept from different concepts which makes me think of the theory more. It is intriguing that you provide such creative answered to the questions. I really learned a lot from reading your post.

4. https://u1j8du7c.blogspot.se/2016/09/theme-31.html?showComment=1475509876517#c3476327794931607077
I totally agree with your opening statement "theory has always been a struggle to define". I feel the same way when reading the texts. Your post provides the insightful viewpoints which give me much more understanding on the concept. However, I would love to see how you explain the concept of putting the theory into practice use.

5. https://u1cq6h0z.blogspot.se/2016/09/theme-3-research-and-theory.html?showComment=1475510001362#c4927859914403892934
Hi, I really enjoy reading your post. You provided the detailed and well-organized structure of the different concepts. I learned a lot from reading your post, especially the part of giving the explanation of social capital.

Theme 4
1. https://u1wdx0i7.blogspot.se/2016/10/post-theme-4.html?showComment=1476045702266#c3201278717035039132
Hi! Thanks for the insightful reflection, I really enjoy reading it. The concepts of quantitative and qualitative methods are not easy to understand without having a seminar. Also, you made a clear point here : quantitative method might be objective to collect the data. I would like to know how researchers solve the problem of quantitative methods up to now.

2. https://scarsickbg.blogspot.se/2016/10/theme-4-blog-post-1-quantitative.html?showComment=1476046004482#c1165102498193157073
Hi, thanks for the interesting reflection. I do agree with your point, it's not an easy task to conduct the quantitative method on the research, especially the result can lead to the biased one. However, you did make a good point here: there are some limitations on doing the research and there's ways to improve to reflect on the problem.

3. https://pgd7117.blogspot.se/2016/10/theme-4-reflection.html?showComment=1476046302564#c9038644541060788570
Hi, thanks for the amazing reflection, I really enjoy reading it. It is quite interesting that you point out that sometimes it is needed to combine both quantitative and qualitative methods altogether to make the convincing viewpoints. 
Also, I like your idea on reflecting the approaches on how to utilize the qualitative methods, which I learned some inspirations from it.

4. https://u1kq1ay0.blogspot.se/2016/10/second-blog-post-theme-4-quantitative.html?showComment=1476047067417#c2945054660247053231
Thanks for the interesting opinions on it! I really like reading your reflection, which gives me a brief understanding of how the quantitative methods work on the research. I agreed that one thing is essential on conducting the experiment: all the data are collected in the same framework. You mentioned that it is crucial to treat all the participants the same situation otherwise you won't get the valid result. 

5. https://u1c051gg.blogspot.se/2016/09/42-quantitative-research-reflection-310.html?showComment=1476047403024#c3978829838407034296

Thanks for the interesting reflection, I learned a lot from reading your post. It seems that you put a lot of efforts on explaining the quantitative methods, which give me insightful understanding on this approach on conducting the experiment.
You made an interesting point on the research: why Caucasians specifically are chosen to participate in the experiment? I had the same doubt in the lecture as well. And you gave a reasonable explanation, it's easier to recruit. However, I think the result will be more valid if the researcher can get more participants from different nationalities. 

Theme 5
1.https://dm2572-16.blogspot.se/2016/10/theme-52.html?showComment=1476739517834
Hi! I enjoy reading your reflection. It seems that you put lots of effort into structuring the post. Well done!
Also, I have no idea what's the difference between empirical data and design driven research at first as well. 
It's interesting that we discussed the possibility of "replicability" the research. Some people think it's doable while others think the data will change a bit. The teacher at the seminar mentioned that replicability may have been the foundation of research in hard sciences before, but that it isn’t the case anymore. I wonder if people will do a research related to this field in the future.

2.

https://omg-dm2572.blogspot.se/2016/10/after-theme-5.html?showComment=1476739850511#c7433860799042846839

Hi, thanks for the interesting reflection. To elaborate on your viewpoints regarding the "ground theory", I think it's the concept related to an inductive methodology. Although many people call "grounded theory" a qualitative method, it is not. It is a general method and also the systematic generation of theory from systematic research. It is a set of rigorous research procedures leading to the emergence of conceptual categories. 

3. https://u1h4muxc.blogspot.se/2016/10/theme-52-reflection-empty.html?showComment=1476740241810
Hi, thanks for the interesting and informative reflection. I enjoy reading it a lot. 
You made a point that design research is not a supportive element; instead, it's the essense of a research. I agreed that what you mentioned replicability without resulting in new knowledge is sheer meaningless.

4.

https://u1dn0y6t.blogspot.se/2016/10/post-reflection-theme-5.html?showComment=1476740919647#c7750363843253989565

Thanks for the interesting reflection! I agreed with your point on whether practical design work in itself can be viewed as a knowledge contribution, the chances are possible to produce. However, the teacher mentioned that the result of the design oriented research can be a tricky problem, which is not a subjective result. How to improve the performance of the research remains an issue to solve it.

5.https://u11zdo9t.blogspot.se/2016/10/theme-5-post-2.html?showComment=1476741864899#c5878184970422211897

Hi, thanks for the interesting reflection! To elaborate on your thoughts on the opposite of the empirical data, I personally believe empirical evidence is a provable fact that shows unquestionable results. It is also the observable proof that knowledge was gained by data, rather than hypothesis, or conjecture. 
On the other hand, the opposite of empirical are indeed more like hypothetical, impractical, speculative, theoretical, unobserved data to collect. Anecdotal evidence is evidence that is usually a generalization or is not able to be proven.

Theme 6
1. https://u11zdo9t.blogspot.se/2016/10/theme-6-post-2.html?showComment=1477332424568#c5907023902130547698
Hi, thanks for the informative post! It's quite interesting to know you bring up the topic of social desirability bias, I personally think social desirability bias is a social science research term that describes a type of response bias that is the tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others. Also, it can take the from of over-reporting "good behavior" or under-reporting "bad", or undesirable behavior. However, people often report inaccurately on sensitive topic in order to present themselves in the possible results. The reason can due to both self-deception and other-deception.

2. http://u1dn0y6t.blogspot.se/2016/10/post-reflection-theme-6.html#comment-form
Hi, thanks for the interesting post! I agreed that to clarify the definition is not an easy task, either. You mentioned that a case study is more like a research focusing on the deeper knowledge. However, I do think that a case study is more like a form of qualitative descriptive research that is used to look at individuals, a small group of participants, or a group as a whole. Also, researchers collect data about participants using participant and direct observations, interviews, protocols, tests, examinations of record, and collections of writing samples.

3. https://u1h02pv3.blogspot.se/2016/10/reflection-theme-5-quantitative-and.html?showComment=1477333283106#c1325308729147596835
Hi, thanks for the thoughtful and interesting post! Your viewpoint on the post conveys the interesting idea on "case study", which I find it intriguing, especially you explains the terminologies regarding multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches. However, I think that a transdisciplinary approach is recommended for all early intervention and support services to service delivery, which moves instruction beyond just blending disciplines. This approach links concepts and skills through a real-world perspective.

4. https://u17fpbu5.blogspot.se/2016/10/post-theme-6-qualitative-and-case-study.html?showComment=1477333610171#c5493921389252275365
Hi, thanks for the informative post! I like your explanation of case study which gives some in-depth knowledge perspective related to some key themes. Indeed, case study is more like a research approach that is used to generate an in-depth, multi-faceted understanding of a complex issue in its real-life context. It is an established research design that is used extensively in a wide variety of disciplines, particularly in the social sciences.

5. https://u1gixy4z.blogspot.se/2016/10/after-theme-6-qualitative-and-case.html?showComment=1477334104696#c4053091764669381739
Hi, thanks for the informative post and nice summary of the theme. I found it difficult to explain the definition of "case study" in a few words. However, you explained the definition in a clear and easy way to understand, well done! However, I also think that a case study is more related to research strategy entailing. Although case study methods remain a controversial approach to data collection, they are widely recognized in many social science studies such as the in-depth explanations of a social behavior.

Reflection

Looking back, I really learned a lot from the course, especially gaining a deeper understanding on how to conduct a qualitative, quantitative and case studies research. Regardless of the subject of our study, there are two types of research to choose from: qualitative and quantitative. However, how much do we know about the area of research and respondents determine which research is suitable for us.

Qualitative research is to define the problem or develop an approach to the problem. By definition, qualitative research is used when we don’t know what to expect and also dig deeper into issues to the problem, which is primarily exploratory research and uncover trends in thought and opinions, and dive deeper into the problem. It provides insights into the problem or helps to develop hypotheses for potential quantitative research. Common data collection methods include groups discussion, interviews, uninterrupted observation, and ethnographic participation. Qualitative research collection results vary by using unstructured or semi-structured techniques. 

Quantitative research is conclusive as it tries to quantify a problem and clarify the prevalent issues by looking for projectable results to a larger population. By generating numerical data or data that can be transformed into useable statistics, quantitative research is used to quantify the problem. In research, quantitative method uses measurable data to formulate facts and uncover patterns to do data collection. The purpose of using the method is to generalized the result in order to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and other defined variables factors. When it comes to structure, quantitative data collection methods are much more structured than qualitative data collection methods. Common data collection includes survey, audits, and click-streams, systematic observations, online polls and website interceptors. 

Both qualitative and quantitative research provides different perspectives on the research. Quantitative research deals with numbers, logic and an objective stance, which is “explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analyzed mathematically based methods with particular statistics. However, qualitative research seeks to answer questions about why and how people behave in the way that they do, which provides in-depth information about human behavior. I personally agree that quantitative research is perhaps easier to define and identify. Basically, the data produced are always numerical and involved with mathematical and statistical methods. It there are no numbers appeared, then it’s definitely not quantitative research. 

At the natural sciences or social sciences field, quantitative research is one of the essential methods if the researchers intend to use the statistical, mathematical or computational techniques to acquire the systematic empirical investigation. The process of measurement provides the crucial connection between empirical observation and mathematical expression of quantitative relationships.

Also, quantitative methods emphasize objective measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of data collected through poll and questionnaires. There are a wide range of statistical techniques to analyze quantitative data, including from simple graphs to show the data through tests of correlations between two or more items to statistical the significance. On the other hand, cluster analysis, and hypothesis testing are useful for identifying relationships between groups of subjects that has no clear hypothesis. 

Qualitative research, in short words, does not involve numbers or numerical data during the research. It often has words or language coming with the use of pictures, photographs and observations. Almost any phenomenon can be examined in a qualitative way and it provides an in-depth picture for exploring how and why things have happened for the problem to the research. 

However, there are some disadvantages of using the qualitative research. The most common one is if respondents do not see a value for them in the research, they may provide inaccurate or false information. They may also say what they think the research wishes to know and therefore qualitative researchers need to take the time to build relationships with their research subjects and be aware of the potential problem. The second pita is there may be some difficulties with qualitative research because the researcher may not be put confidential information though ethics are an issue for any type of research. However, some people argue that it is more difficult to analyzing qualitative data. Most qualitative data are drawn from a wide variety of sources, which can be radically different in scope. There are a wide variety of methods to analyzing the data collection. 

What's the difference between the case study and qualitative methods?

Case study is one level above than the methods, not necessary to generalize like quantitative method.

It's the some concept that we understand its value.

Comments of Theme 6

1. https://u11zdo9t.blogspot.se/2016/10/theme-6-post-2.html?showComment=1477332424568#c5907023902130547698

2. http://u1dn0y6t.blogspot.se/2016/10/post-reflection-theme-6.html#comment-form

3. https://u1h02pv3.blogspot.se/2016/10/reflection-theme-5-quantitative-and.html?showComment=1477333283106#c1325308729147596835

4. https://u17fpbu5.blogspot.se/2016/10/post-theme-6-qualitative-and-case-study.html?showComment=1477333610171#c5493921389252275365

5. https://u1gixy4z.blogspot.se/2016/10/after-theme-6-qualitative-and-case.html?showComment=1477334104696#c4053091764669381739

Comments of Theme 5

1.  https://dm2572-16.blogspot.se/2016/10/theme-52.html?showComment=1476739517834


2. https://omg-dm2572.blogspot.se/2016/10/after-theme-5.html?showComment=1476739850511#c7433860799042846839


3.  https://u1h4muxc.blogspot.se/2016/10/theme-52-reflection-empty.html?showComment=1476740241810


4.  https://u1dn0y6t.blogspot.se/2016/10/post-reflection-theme-5.html?showComment=1476740919647#c7750363843253989565

5. https://u11zdo9t.blogspot.se/2016/10/theme-5-post-2.html?showComment=1476741864899#c5878184970422211897

Theme 6: Qualitative and Case Study Research

During today's lecture, the teacher explained the research based on "A car-free year project"which explores sustainable transportation practices through a qualitative study. There are several qualitative method used in the research, including conducting the interviews, making the observations and doing the case study. However, whether it is a case study remains the controversial topic because of its ambiguity. Personally, I think the research counts as the case study qualitative method. "How can people live without the car?" is the first question popping up people's mind when doing the experiment. This is the question that we cannot answer right away or give a definite answer within seconds. It is something you don't understand well enough and need to formulate the research question to define the case study, not to answer the question but to come up with the question to do the research.

From the interview part, the research is based on the monthly interviews with the families combined with aberrations. There are six elements of social practices including infrastructure, products&services, norms&policies, knowledge&skills&values to analyze. However, the challenging part in the research is difficult to anonymize data of few participants when the project is public.

The result of the research is based on three essential concepts: to increase understanding of car-free transportation practices, to convey the important design considerations for supporting sustainable transportation and to design concepts and input from other stakeholders.

Furthermore, we also discussed three disciplinary research concepts during the lecture: interdisciplinary, trans-disciplinary, and multidisciplinary research. I think the research is based on the multidisciplinary method which combines and involved several academic disciplines or professional specializations in an approach to a topic or problem. In short, a multidisciplinary approach involves drawing appropriately from multiple disciplines to redefine problems outside normal boundaries and reach solutions based on a new understanding of complex situations.

The paper I have chosen from is A Case Study on Integrating Social Media in an Online Graduate Youth Development Course from MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching with an impact factor 1.68. The case study examines the theoretical underpinnings, process, and results of an online course for youth development professionals, and specifically describes a web-based instructional activity involving the use of social media. A qualitative case study methodology was utilized for the research. A qualitative case study allows for exploration of a specific phenomenon using a variety of data sources, including both qualitative and quantitative data. A case study methodology is completely explorative. which has no hypotheses and with a major limitation for generalizability. However, the benefit of qualitative inquiry is that it allows for deeper understanding of a phenomenon, enabling the essence of the experience to be tested.

In the study, researchers tried to find out about the quality of the social media assignment for an online graduate course in youth development and its impact on the learners. First of all, a detailed description of the course is offered, followed by course evaluation analysis and lessons learned. Data were collected through interviews, a course reflection paper, and open-ended survey questions. The provided case study showcased a social media project that facilitated student connectedness and enabled students studying youth development professionalism to increase their content knowledge and social media skills. Even though some students identified certain challenges related to technology and teamwork, the overall result was positive.

The benefits of case study is that it allows the authors to identify unique result which can help in the development and refinement of future social media projects. Theory-building researchers typically combine multiple data collection methods. While interviews, observations, and archival sources are particularly common.

Comment of Theme 4: Quantitative Research

1. https://u1wdx0i7.blogspot.se/2016/10/post-theme-4.html?showComment=1476045702266#c3201278717035039132

2. https://scarsickbg.blogspot.se/2016/10/theme-4-blog-post-1-quantitative.html?showComment=1476046004482#c1165102498193157073


3.https://pgd7117.blogspot.se/2016/10/theme-4-reflection.html?showComment=1476046302564#c9038644541060788570

4. https://u1kq1ay0.blogspot.se/2016/10/second-blog-post-theme-4-quantitative.html?showComment=1476047067417#c2945054660247053231


5. https://u1c051gg.blogspot.se/2016/09/42-quantitative-research-reflection-310.html?showComment=1476047403024#c3978829838407034296

Theme 5: Design Research (second post)

In the first paper, the observation of the children, looking at their behavior. In the second paper, the outcome of the research, the researchers collect the data in the beginning. 

Design intentions shows a clear intention to solve the specific problem and is more precise. From scientific design, we have to write down everything we gain from the result, do documents and trace back to every record to make sure no errors happened from the experiments. However, we don't have the solutions and visions at first to get the research.

Is research in tech domains such as these ever replicable? How may we account for aspects such as time/historical setting, skills of the designers, available tools, etc?

Depends on the situation, every setting varies as the experiment target gets adapted to the environment. 

Not replicable at all, the number and data will be difficult to make if we want to do the same experiment from different perspective. The researchers need to modified if they need to replicate the experiment from different way.

Social media technology has changed so incredibly quickly. 

Is it possible, the replicability is extremely important in the hard science. In social science, the point of replicability is not the same outcome compared to the hard science. Not everyone sharing the same experiences when making the same experiment. Cultural and social difference can vary from different targets. We need to think through the issue, an unquestioned topic of replicability ground-shaking theory of replicability in psychological research. When it comes to the ground fact, it is important to know the definition of replicability. As the cultural phenomenon, the result is not replicable. Every research is influenced in this regard.

Design driven research is “try and error” which has to be tested more while the normal research is much more structured and well-organized. 

There are three processes of doing the design research: studying interaction, implementing/ testing and design/judgment. In the methods from behavior science, we need to conduct the questionnaires, observations, interviews, video analysis and lab/field studies. In the engineering methods, developing and testing technical solutions are essential for interactive settings. At last, regarding the design/ judgment, interaction criticism, research through design and studying design practice are extremely crucial core concepts during the research. 

In the interactive system. we have to focus on human aspects, design practices, design methods, usability and experience and real use practices. However, we cannot neglect the importance of human aspects with implications for design such as cognitive abilities, culture, emotions, physical bodies, and social behavior. Also, investigations into different ways that usability and user experience can understood and evaluated. Methods focusing on two ways: Measuring, e.g. controlled experiments, observations, interviews, questionnaires, diaries, and sensors. The other is interpreting, e.g. Interaction criticism, grounding in humanities and cultural studies such as expert reviews of interactive products.

There are some ways regarding the design as approach to research: constructive actives as core method of investigation, and materialization with a focus on materiality and the technological circumstances regarding how it affects gestalt, interaction and user activity. Design work and research is tied to historical, local, and specific contexts. The last one is disciplinary which grounds and feeds back to, extending the theory specific to the field of interaction design.